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Basic and essential Linux Commands

1. ls - The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories

2. pwd - Print working directory command in Linux

3. cd - Linux command to navigate through directories

4. mkdir - Command used to create directories in Linux

5. mv - Move or rename files in Linux

6. cp - Similar usage as mv but for copying files in Linux

7. rm - Delete files or directories

8. touch - Create blank/empty files

9. ln - Create symbolic links (shortcuts) to other files

10.cat - Display file contents on the terminal

11.clear - Clear the terminal display

12.echo - Print any text that follows the command

13.less - Linux command to display paged outputs in the terminal

14.man - Access manual pages for all Linux commands

15.uname - Linux command to get basic information about the OS

16.whoami - Get the active username

17.tar - Command to extract and compress files in Linux

18.grep - Search for a string within an output

19.head - Return the specified number of lines from the top

20.tail - Return the specified number of lines from the bottom

21.diff - Find the difference between two files

22.cmp - Allows you to check if two files are identical

23.comm - Combines the functionality of diff and cmp

24.sort - Linux command to sort the content of a file while outputting

25.export - Export environment variables in Linux

26.zip - Zip files in Linux

27.unzip - Unzip files in Linux

28.ssh - Secure Shell command in Linux

29.service - Linux command to start and stop services

30.ps - Display active processes

31.kill and killall - Kill active processes by process ID or name

32.df - Display disk filesystem information

33.mount - Mount file systems in Linux

34.chmod - Command to change file permissions

35.chown - Command for granting ownership of files or folders

36.ifconfig - Display network interfaces and IP addresses

37.traceroute - Trace all the network hops to reach the destination

38.wget - Direct download files from the internet

39.ufw - Firewall command

40.iptables - Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with

41.apt, pacman, yum, rpm - Package managers depending on the distro

42.sudo - Command to escalate privileges in Linux

43.cal - View a command-line calendar

44.alias - Create custom shortcuts for your regularly used commands

45.dd - Majorly used for creating bootable USB sticks

46.whereis - Locate the binary, source, and manual pages for a command

47.whatis - Find what a command is used for

48.top - View active processes live with their system usage

49.useradd and usermod - Add new user or change existing users data

50.passwd - Create or update passwords for existing users